1 00:00:04,400 --> 00:00:02,570 good morning everyone like Steve said 2 00:00:05,960 --> 00:00:04,410 today I'm going to be talking about the 3 00:00:08,120 --> 00:00:05,970 limitations of the language used to 4 00:00:10,730 --> 00:00:08,130 describe meanness mediumistic phenomena 5 00:00:12,200 --> 00:00:10,740 and so to demonstrate the importance and 6 00:00:14,299 --> 00:00:12,210 the power of language I'm going to use 7 00:00:19,609 --> 00:00:14,309 an example from one of my favorite art 8 00:00:21,080 --> 00:00:19,619 forms newspaper comic strips so in this 9 00:00:22,849 --> 00:00:21,090 comic strip this child is saying words 10 00:00:25,099 --> 00:00:22,859 are weird with arbitrary grunts and 11 00:00:28,009 --> 00:00:25,109 moans I can implant an idea directly in 12 00:00:30,620 --> 00:00:28,019 someone's brain and to a passerby he 13 00:00:32,450 --> 00:00:30,630 says giraffes pimp and the passerby 14 00:00:35,180 --> 00:00:32,460 thinks of a giraffe dressed like a pimp 15 00:00:39,590 --> 00:00:35,190 and the child says I refuse to use this 16 00:00:42,110 --> 00:00:39,600 power wisely so I'll get to my actual 17 00:00:43,850 --> 00:00:42,120 topic now even though hundreds if not 18 00:00:46,369 --> 00:00:43,860 thousands of our millions of people are 19 00:00:48,860 --> 00:00:46,379 receiving readings from psychic mediums 20 00:00:50,420 --> 00:00:48,870 every day and even though dozens of 21 00:00:52,340 --> 00:00:50,430 mediums have written books and several 22 00:00:54,470 --> 00:00:52,350 even have their own TV shows as a 23 00:00:58,880 --> 00:00:54,480 research community we really don't know 24 00:01:01,040 --> 00:00:58,890 a whole lot about modern American mental 25 00:01:03,439 --> 00:01:01,050 mediums so there we're already running 26 00:01:05,990 --> 00:01:03,449 into language issues what's a medium and 27 00:01:09,800 --> 00:01:06,000 what's a mental medium hold your horses 28 00:01:11,450 --> 00:01:09,810 and I will tell you so we define a 29 00:01:15,050 --> 00:01:11,460 medium at the wind bridge Research 30 00:01:16,880 --> 00:01:15,060 Center as an individual who experiences 31 00:01:19,310 --> 00:01:16,890 regular communication with the deceased 32 00:01:21,859 --> 00:01:19,320 and this is in contrast to a psychic 33 00:01:23,780 --> 00:01:21,869 which is an individual who experiences 34 00:01:25,969 --> 00:01:23,790 information about or from living people 35 00:01:27,710 --> 00:01:25,979 distant locations or events and her 36 00:01:30,580 --> 00:01:27,720 times in the future in the past that 37 00:01:32,870 --> 00:01:30,590 they did not originally experience and 38 00:01:35,060 --> 00:01:32,880 it's often said that all mediums are 39 00:01:39,170 --> 00:01:35,070 psychic but not all psychics are mediums 40 00:01:41,390 --> 00:01:39,180 and though anyone can have media mystic 41 00:01:44,420 --> 00:01:41,400 or psychic experiences only people who 42 00:01:50,420 --> 00:01:44,430 have these experiences regularly and 43 00:01:54,969 --> 00:01:50,430 reliably are accurately termed mediums 44 00:01:58,420 --> 00:01:54,979 and psychics so there's two kinds of 45 00:02:01,069 --> 00:01:58,430 mediums physical and mental and the 46 00:02:04,330 --> 00:02:01,079 states of consciousness that exists in 47 00:02:07,219 --> 00:02:04,340 each are arrayed along a continuum of 48 00:02:10,359 --> 00:02:07,229 waking state to trance states of various 49 00:02:12,640 --> 00:02:10,369 depth and levels of dissociation 50 00:02:14,830 --> 00:02:12,650 so in the lip in the literature 51 00:02:19,959 --> 00:02:14,840 previously the term trance medium was 52 00:02:22,240 --> 00:02:19,969 used but because of this continuum of of 53 00:02:24,399 --> 00:02:22,250 different trance states it's not really 54 00:02:26,619 --> 00:02:24,409 an accurate term since any given medium 55 00:02:31,089 --> 00:02:26,629 can be in full trance one day and and 56 00:02:33,160 --> 00:02:31,099 basically awaking state the next day so 57 00:02:37,240 --> 00:02:33,170 going to the two types physical mental 58 00:02:39,160 --> 00:02:37,250 so in physical mediumship consists of 59 00:02:41,890 --> 00:02:39,170 phenomena including independent voices 60 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:41,900 paranormal lights a ports which are 61 00:02:45,970 --> 00:02:44,090 objects that mysteriously appear the 62 00:02:49,710 --> 00:02:45,980 levitation or movement of objects 63 00:02:52,569 --> 00:02:49,720 ectoplasm and raps on walls or tables 64 00:02:55,240 --> 00:02:52,579 the purpose of mental mediumship is to 65 00:02:57,009 --> 00:02:55,250 convey messages from deceased animals or 66 00:02:59,649 --> 00:02:57,019 people called discarnates 67 00:03:02,789 --> 00:02:59,659 to living people called sitters during a 68 00:03:05,050 --> 00:03:02,799 specific event called a reading so 69 00:03:09,009 --> 00:03:05,060 previously in the literature terms have 70 00:03:11,020 --> 00:03:09,019 been used clairvoyant mediumship is a 71 00:03:13,319 --> 00:03:11,030 term that's been used but this also is a 72 00:03:16,509 --> 00:03:13,329 term that isn't necessarily accurate 73 00:03:19,330 --> 00:03:16,519 clairvoyant means clear seeing but the 74 00:03:21,729 --> 00:03:19,340 process of mediumship is actually 75 00:03:26,110 --> 00:03:21,739 multimodal it consists of all of the 76 00:03:28,149 --> 00:03:26,120 senses so this is an example quo of a 77 00:03:31,059 --> 00:03:28,159 medium describing those experiences so 78 00:03:33,069 --> 00:03:31,069 she said I get a sense in my body of how 79 00:03:35,319 --> 00:03:33,079 they passed I will hear names and dates 80 00:03:38,050 --> 00:03:35,329 see numbers and letters and places 81 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:38,060 sometimes I get smells or odors and I'm 82 00:03:41,199 --> 00:03:39,650 able to taste foods with special 83 00:03:47,530 --> 00:03:41,209 connection to the discarnate or the 84 00:03:50,770 --> 00:03:47,540 sitter so there's where the bullet is it 85 00:03:52,330 --> 00:03:50,780 fell to the next slide so clairvoyant it 86 00:03:55,179 --> 00:03:52,340 would just be clear seeing which is 87 00:03:57,729 --> 00:03:55,189 limited to just seeing but clearly from 88 00:04:00,129 --> 00:03:57,739 this quote you can see that they do 89 00:04:04,149 --> 00:04:00,139 clear their clairaudient and clear 90 00:04:05,349 --> 00:04:04,159 Gustin and clear sentient so again it's 91 00:04:07,330 --> 00:04:05,359 a term that's been used in the 92 00:04:09,309 --> 00:04:07,340 literature that's probably not accurate 93 00:04:10,780 --> 00:04:09,319 it doesn't accurately reflect how 94 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:10,790 mediumship actually works in the real 95 00:04:17,180 --> 00:04:14,090 world modern American mental mediums 96 00:04:20,690 --> 00:04:17,190 perform readings in person often 97 00:04:24,010 --> 00:04:20,700 not often but sometimes in groups over 98 00:04:26,240 --> 00:04:24,020 the phone and over the internet and 99 00:04:29,900 --> 00:04:26,250 during these readings they provide both 100 00:04:32,210 --> 00:04:29,910 mediumistic messages from the deceased 101 00:04:36,770 --> 00:04:32,220 and psychic information about the living 102 00:04:38,330 --> 00:04:36,780 reading recipient my previous research 103 00:04:41,690 --> 00:04:38,340 demonstrated we won't go through all 104 00:04:44,900 --> 00:04:41,700 this but in this case 20 mediums during 105 00:04:48,050 --> 00:04:44,910 58 quintuple blinded readings the 106 00:04:49,280 --> 00:04:48,060 mediums are able to accurately were able 107 00:04:52,690 --> 00:04:49,290 to report accurate and specific 108 00:04:54,890 --> 00:04:52,700 information about the deceased under 109 00:04:57,350 --> 00:04:54,900 blinded conditions with no prior 110 00:05:00,110 --> 00:04:57,360 knowledge no feedback during or after 111 00:05:02,950 --> 00:05:00,120 the reading and without using fraud or 112 00:05:07,130 --> 00:05:02,960 deception and so these are significant 113 00:05:11,480 --> 00:05:07,140 p-values and no pun intended medium 114 00:05:13,070 --> 00:05:11,490 effect sizes so but where are the 115 00:05:14,660 --> 00:05:13,080 mediums getting their information so 116 00:05:17,060 --> 00:05:14,670 there's two competing side based 117 00:05:18,740 --> 00:05:17,070 theories of where a medium is getting 118 00:05:21,409 --> 00:05:18,750 that this accurate information she's 119 00:05:23,990 --> 00:05:21,419 reporting the first is called survival 120 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:24,000 sigh and it suggests that she's 121 00:05:29,540 --> 00:05:26,130 communicating telepathically with the 122 00:05:32,480 --> 00:05:29,550 deceased and the other is called somatic 123 00:05:34,610 --> 00:05:32,490 sigh and it states that mediums are 124 00:05:36,260 --> 00:05:34,620 using clairvoyance precognition and/or 125 00:05:38,720 --> 00:05:36,270 telepathy with the living to acquire 126 00:05:41,300 --> 00:05:38,730 information about the deceased so no 127 00:05:44,630 --> 00:05:41,310 actual dead people just information 128 00:05:46,940 --> 00:05:44,640 about them somatic sigh has also been 129 00:05:50,630 --> 00:05:46,950 referred to as living agent sigh but 130 00:05:55,580 --> 00:05:50,640 this terminology is problematic we don't 131 00:06:00,470 --> 00:05:55,590 like it the word living is imprecise and 132 00:06:03,470 --> 00:06:00,480 cryptic because of the both the medium 133 00:06:07,640 --> 00:06:03,480 and the alleged people she's reading 134 00:06:10,159 --> 00:06:07,650 during this theory are both living so 135 00:06:12,130 --> 00:06:10,169 what is the living referring to because 136 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:12,140 in any case the medium is living and 137 00:06:17,930 --> 00:06:15,090 then but wise we just learned from that 138 00:06:19,970 --> 00:06:17,940 quote mediumship is perception and the 139 00:06:21,409 --> 00:06:19,980 word agent implies agency that the 140 00:06:24,950 --> 00:06:21,419 medium has some sort of power over 141 00:06:26,870 --> 00:06:24,960 what's happening but that's like I smell 142 00:06:29,129 --> 00:06:26,880 a banana like that means the banana has 143 00:06:32,369 --> 00:06:29,139 power you know like it's 144 00:06:34,369 --> 00:06:32,379 that it's it's misleading the agency 145 00:06:36,869 --> 00:06:34,379 that the medium has agency because she's 146 00:06:40,040 --> 00:06:36,879 experiencing it as perception and you 147 00:06:44,779 --> 00:06:40,050 end up though what is being perceived is 148 00:06:51,719 --> 00:06:44,789 its she doesn't have agency you get it 149 00:06:54,600 --> 00:06:51,729 so we like the term somatic sigh which 150 00:06:56,100 --> 00:06:54,610 we coined in 2009 however whatever you 151 00:06:59,219 --> 00:06:56,110 want to call it there's no empirical 152 00:07:02,399 --> 00:06:59,229 evidence that any medium ever was doing 153 00:07:04,499 --> 00:07:02,409 that survival sigh on the other hand has 154 00:07:06,390 --> 00:07:04,509 the evidence of self reports of mediums 155 00:07:08,070 --> 00:07:06,400 they know what psychic readings feel 156 00:07:09,659 --> 00:07:08,080 like they know what communication with 157 00:07:13,409 --> 00:07:09,669 the deceased feels like and they feel 158 00:07:16,950 --> 00:07:13,419 different so these are self reports and 159 00:07:18,990 --> 00:07:16,960 self report is important it's sort of 160 00:07:22,050 --> 00:07:19,000 the only way we can collect some data 161 00:07:25,589 --> 00:07:22,060 about internal experience William James 162 00:07:27,390 --> 00:07:25,599 said introspect introspective 163 00:07:30,989 --> 00:07:27,400 observation is what we have to rely on 164 00:07:33,800 --> 00:07:30,999 first and foremost and always so there 165 00:07:36,990 --> 00:07:33,810 are things we can only study within 166 00:07:39,779 --> 00:07:37,000 report self reports pain quality of life 167 00:07:44,339 --> 00:07:39,789 sensory perceptions the aforementioned 168 00:07:45,899 --> 00:07:44,349 banana bodily sensations so in the 169 00:07:49,079 --> 00:07:45,909 mediums experience they switch between 170 00:07:51,059 --> 00:07:49,089 reporting psychic information about the 171 00:07:53,100 --> 00:07:51,069 living and messages from the deceased 172 00:07:55,170 --> 00:07:53,110 and not like moment to moment but 173 00:07:56,999 --> 00:07:55,180 they'll do a part of a reading for the 174 00:08:00,089 --> 00:07:57,009 decease and part of a reading for the 175 00:08:01,649 --> 00:08:00,099 living previous qualitative research has 176 00:08:03,839 --> 00:08:01,659 demonstrated that their experiences 177 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:03,849 during those two are distinct and 178 00:08:09,540 --> 00:08:07,210 distinguishable so these are some quotes 179 00:08:12,629 --> 00:08:09,550 from mediums discussing those 180 00:08:14,459 --> 00:08:12,639 differences so they talked about sensory 181 00:08:16,619 --> 00:08:14,469 perceptions there's a heaviness around 182 00:08:19,079 --> 00:08:16,629 the sensation of living people like err 183 00:08:20,550 --> 00:08:19,089 compared to helium the auditory aspect 184 00:08:22,439 --> 00:08:20,560 is much sharper when I'm perceiving 185 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:22,449 someone who is deceased their energy is 186 00:08:26,309 --> 00:08:24,610 more like helium with psychic 187 00:08:28,439 --> 00:08:26,319 information I have to squint from the 188 00:08:30,779 --> 00:08:28,449 inside out like to focus on something in 189 00:08:34,310 --> 00:08:30,789 the distance when I do mediumship it's 190 00:08:36,569 --> 00:08:34,320 not squinting at all it's just receiving 191 00:08:38,399 --> 00:08:36,579 they also talked about physical 192 00:08:40,469 --> 00:08:38,409 sensations so once it physically 193 00:08:41,460 --> 00:08:40,479 mediumship charges me up it's like 194 00:08:43,590 --> 00:08:41,470 having eight cups 195 00:08:45,300 --> 00:08:43,600 cappuccino it's like a buzzing I've 196 00:08:46,710 --> 00:08:45,310 learned I can't do readings too late at 197 00:08:48,090 --> 00:08:46,720 night because I'll just be up all night 198 00:08:50,690 --> 00:08:48,100 it's like a supercharged 199 00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:50,700 psychic information doesn't do that 200 00:08:55,620 --> 00:08:53,290 another medium said the physical feeling 201 00:08:57,330 --> 00:08:55,630 I get is a tingling or a pressure in my 202 00:09:00,060 --> 00:08:57,340 head when the medium stuff starts to 203 00:09:02,550 --> 00:09:00,070 happen or when they're meeting the 204 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:02,560 deceased are entering the room I don't 205 00:09:08,130 --> 00:09:04,330 get that at all during a psychic reading 206 00:09:09,720 --> 00:09:08,140 and these quotes are from wind bridge 207 00:09:11,820 --> 00:09:09,730 certified research mediums we have a 208 00:09:13,950 --> 00:09:11,830 team that we work with of about 20 209 00:09:16,530 --> 00:09:13,960 mediums we had twenty when we started 210 00:09:20,700 --> 00:09:16,540 but to have since retired from research 211 00:09:24,360 --> 00:09:20,710 so these mediums have successfully 212 00:09:28,530 --> 00:09:24,370 completed a step peer-reviewed screening 213 00:09:30,510 --> 00:09:28,540 testing training procedure and are based 214 00:09:32,300 --> 00:09:30,520 on the premise that oh if we study a 215 00:09:34,740 --> 00:09:32,310 small number they're probably 216 00:09:37,890 --> 00:09:34,750 representative of the larger group of 217 00:09:40,610 --> 00:09:37,900 American mediums and but our recent 218 00:09:43,470 --> 00:09:40,620 research we've brought in to look at a 219 00:09:45,240 --> 00:09:43,480 much greater number of mediums so the 220 00:09:49,980 --> 00:09:45,250 research I'll be talking about today is 221 00:09:52,260 --> 00:09:49,990 from that larger group so a few months 222 00:09:54,150 --> 00:09:52,270 ago we published this paper quantitative 223 00:09:57,120 --> 00:09:54,160 and qualitative analyses of mediumistic 224 00:09:59,460 --> 00:09:57,130 and psychic experiences it's 40 pages 225 00:10:01,500 --> 00:09:59,470 long so I would be here till tomorrow if 226 00:10:03,420 --> 00:10:01,510 I went through every single bit but it's 227 00:10:05,700 --> 00:10:03,430 available it's from the journal 228 00:10:07,380 --> 00:10:05,710 threshold and it's available for free 229 00:10:12,750 --> 00:10:07,390 through our website at 1:00 birds that 230 00:10:15,810 --> 00:10:12,760 work so the study that this data is from 231 00:10:17,490 --> 00:10:15,820 was an online survey of mediums and non 232 00:10:19,290 --> 00:10:17,500 mediums all over the US and this 233 00:10:22,710 --> 00:10:19,300 particular piece that I'll be talking 234 00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:22,720 about is from 127 mediums who were over 235 00:10:29,010 --> 00:10:25,330 90 percent female over 90 percent white 236 00:10:32,280 --> 00:10:29,020 and about 54 years old as the average 237 00:10:33,870 --> 00:10:32,290 age one of the questions in the survey 238 00:10:35,760 --> 00:10:33,880 was can you tell the difference between 239 00:10:37,800 --> 00:10:35,770 communication from the deceased and 240 00:10:41,700 --> 00:10:37,810 psychic information about the living and 241 00:10:44,850 --> 00:10:41,710 about 97% said yes I can three said I 242 00:10:46,830 --> 00:10:44,860 don't know and one said no I can't so 243 00:10:48,630 --> 00:10:46,840 then the people who said yes we then 244 00:10:50,520 --> 00:10:48,640 asked in your own words describe your 245 00:10:51,600 --> 00:10:50,530 experiences when receiving communication 246 00:10:53,730 --> 00:10:51,610 from the disease 247 00:10:55,319 --> 00:10:53,740 and in your own words describe your 248 00:10:58,110 --> 00:10:55,329 experiences when getting psychic 249 00:11:01,460 --> 00:10:58,120 information about the living and those 250 00:11:03,780 --> 00:11:01,470 questions were counterbalanced and the 251 00:11:07,130 --> 00:11:03,790 responses were from 14 wind bridge 252 00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:07,140 mediums and 108 self-identified mediums 253 00:11:13,130 --> 00:11:10,810 so we took those 244 text descriptions 254 00:11:16,710 --> 00:11:13,140 and quantitatively and qualitatively 255 00:11:20,009 --> 00:11:16,720 analyzed them so for quantitative 256 00:11:22,170 --> 00:11:20,019 analysis excuse me we use linguistic 257 00:11:26,090 --> 00:11:22,180 inquiry and word count produce pronounce 258 00:11:30,780 --> 00:11:26,100 Luke text analysis software and Luke 259 00:11:32,310 --> 00:11:30,790 counts the content of the quantity of 260 00:11:35,280 --> 00:11:32,320 words and different psychologically 261 00:11:37,560 --> 00:11:35,290 meaningful categories and then for 262 00:11:39,389 --> 00:11:37,570 qualitative we use content analysis 263 00:11:42,269 --> 00:11:39,399 which is a research method for the 264 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:42,279 subjective interpretation of the content 265 00:11:46,620 --> 00:11:45,010 of text through the systematic 266 00:11:50,130 --> 00:11:46,630 classification and coding and 267 00:11:52,410 --> 00:11:50,140 identifying common themes so what we 268 00:11:55,740 --> 00:11:52,420 found was the the Luke findings the 269 00:11:57,720 --> 00:11:55,750 quantitative findings we found that the 270 00:12:00,449 --> 00:11:57,730 descriptions of mediumistic experiences 271 00:12:02,610 --> 00:12:00,459 contained a larger proportion of words 272 00:12:06,449 --> 00:12:02,620 describing social and perceptual 273 00:12:09,230 --> 00:12:06,459 processes than did descriptions of 274 00:12:12,600 --> 00:12:09,240 psychic experiences so this implies that 275 00:12:15,380 --> 00:12:12,610 the that mediumship involves a more more 276 00:12:17,880 --> 00:12:15,390 interpersonal connections as well as 277 00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:17,890 seems to be a more complex or vivid 278 00:12:22,259 --> 00:12:20,290 experience than the reporting of psychic 279 00:12:26,699 --> 00:12:22,269 information about the living we also 280 00:12:30,060 --> 00:12:26,709 found that the descriptions of psychic 281 00:12:33,019 --> 00:12:30,070 experiences from these 122 participants 282 00:12:36,090 --> 00:12:33,029 contained a larger proportion of words 283 00:12:39,180 --> 00:12:36,100 that describe the category insight which 284 00:12:41,280 --> 00:12:39,190 is a cognitive process so that implies 285 00:12:44,250 --> 00:12:41,290 that the psychic experience may be more 286 00:12:46,650 --> 00:12:44,260 analytical or metaphorically left 287 00:12:49,500 --> 00:12:46,660 brained and the mediumship process might 288 00:12:54,329 --> 00:12:49,510 be more intuitive or metaphorically 289 00:12:57,870 --> 00:12:54,339 right brained for the qualitative 290 00:13:00,269 --> 00:12:57,880 content analysis we found many themes I 291 00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:00,279 just want to go through one specific one 292 00:13:05,370 --> 00:13:03,250 today in the mediumistic experience 293 00:13:07,650 --> 00:13:05,380 that the experience was discernment as 294 00:13:09,320 --> 00:13:07,660 the communication was triangulated and 295 00:13:12,030 --> 00:13:09,330 this makes sense 296 00:13:13,680 --> 00:13:12,040 the way we define mediumship is that 297 00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:13,690 they experience communication from the 298 00:13:18,210 --> 00:13:15,760 deceased and then report the messages to 299 00:13:20,910 --> 00:13:18,220 the sitter but in that hearing of the 300 00:13:24,210 --> 00:13:20,920 messages from the medium the sitter now 301 00:13:29,070 --> 00:13:24,220 experiences on after death communication 302 00:13:30,960 --> 00:13:29,080 with their deceased loved one for the 303 00:13:34,500 --> 00:13:30,970 psychic experiences the piece that I 304 00:13:36,630 --> 00:13:34,510 wanted to talk about was this which was 305 00:13:38,370 --> 00:13:36,640 that they reported the information 306 00:13:43,320 --> 00:13:38,380 flowing from various sources including 307 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:43,330 self angels God and nonspecific deceased 308 00:13:50,100 --> 00:13:46,810 people during a psychic reading for the 309 00:13:51,810 --> 00:13:50,110 living so having done this research 310 00:13:55,740 --> 00:13:51,820 full-time for 15 years 311 00:13:58,830 --> 00:13:55,750 my natural spots was wait what dead 312 00:14:01,110 --> 00:13:58,840 people and a psychic reading so we knew 313 00:14:04,650 --> 00:14:01,120 that dead people reported information 314 00:14:06,740 --> 00:14:04,660 about the living during mediumship 315 00:14:10,020 --> 00:14:06,750 readings it's one of the categories that 316 00:14:11,790 --> 00:14:10,030 that we talked about that the deceased 317 00:14:15,390 --> 00:14:11,800 person will often include information 318 00:14:16,920 --> 00:14:15,400 identifying of themselves information 319 00:14:18,990 --> 00:14:16,930 about the sitter's life since they've 320 00:14:20,970 --> 00:14:19,000 died so I'm it's me and I'm still here I 321 00:14:22,770 --> 00:14:20,980 still saw you get married I still saw 322 00:14:26,070 --> 00:14:22,780 you paint the kitchen those sort of 323 00:14:27,720 --> 00:14:26,080 things so we knew that part but dead 324 00:14:29,820 --> 00:14:27,730 people giving information about the 325 00:14:32,100 --> 00:14:29,830 living during psychic readings like that 326 00:14:33,570 --> 00:14:32,110 was new and so I didn't know I didn't 327 00:14:36,420 --> 00:14:33,580 and so I didn't want to make any guesses 328 00:14:38,040 --> 00:14:36,430 or claims so I asked the mediums on our 329 00:14:40,290 --> 00:14:38,050 team so I sent them the threshold 330 00:14:41,970 --> 00:14:40,300 article and I asked them in an email 331 00:14:43,320 --> 00:14:41,980 have you ever experienced information 332 00:14:45,000 --> 00:14:43,330 about the living person getting a 333 00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:45,010 psychic reading as coming from deceased 334 00:14:49,020 --> 00:14:47,530 people and some said yes unless I'm 335 00:14:50,880 --> 00:14:49,030 doing a medium reading I assume all 336 00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:50,890 information comes from my guides and 337 00:14:54,320 --> 00:14:52,570 since I believe guides are people who've 338 00:14:56,730 --> 00:14:54,330 lived on earth they're deceased people 339 00:14:58,470 --> 00:14:56,740 another said accessing higher streams of 340 00:14:59,970 --> 00:14:58,480 consciousness brings information not 341 00:15:02,700 --> 00:14:59,980 just from the person's own energy but 342 00:15:04,440 --> 00:15:02,710 other energies as well but some said no 343 00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:04,450 the way I work with spirit is to create 344 00:15:08,579 --> 00:15:06,130 a boundary between mediumistic and 345 00:15:10,440 --> 00:15:08,589 psychic and if I didn't control it then 346 00:15:11,100 --> 00:15:10,450 yeah but I know how to control it so 347 00:15:14,520 --> 00:15:11,110 that doesn't have 348 00:15:16,230 --> 00:15:14,530 anymore this I wanted to bring up 349 00:15:18,480 --> 00:15:16,240 mediums often use words like energy 350 00:15:20,460 --> 00:15:18,490 vibration or level and these are words 351 00:15:23,040 --> 00:15:20,470 that come from fields like physics but 352 00:15:24,870 --> 00:15:23,050 there aren't words in English that 353 00:15:26,670 --> 00:15:24,880 describe exactly what a medium is 354 00:15:29,730 --> 00:15:26,680 experiencing so they sort of have to 355 00:15:30,930 --> 00:15:29,740 steal these words from other fields one 356 00:15:32,100 --> 00:15:30,940 medium said if some mediums are 357 00:15:33,840 --> 00:15:32,110 reporting that they're receiving 358 00:15:36,480 --> 00:15:33,850 information from random spirits maybe 359 00:15:38,910 --> 00:15:36,490 they're not fully developed well thank 360 00:15:41,790 --> 00:15:38,920 you research medium that's a hypothesis 361 00:15:43,650 --> 00:15:41,800 I can test and so in our survey we had 362 00:15:45,150 --> 00:15:43,660 also asked the people how long have you 363 00:15:47,010 --> 00:15:45,160 been performing mediumship readings for 364 00:15:50,580 --> 00:15:47,020 other people and all the whimpers 365 00:15:52,380 --> 00:15:50,590 mediums over ten years but only 30% of 366 00:15:54,290 --> 00:15:52,390 the self-identified mediums so maybe 367 00:15:57,240 --> 00:15:54,300 that's why I hadn't heard this before 368 00:15:59,310 --> 00:15:57,250 was that the mediums I work with are all 369 00:16:01,860 --> 00:15:59,320 have a lot of experience and they may 370 00:16:03,810 --> 00:16:01,870 have learned how to block it so this 371 00:16:05,130 --> 00:16:03,820 indicates a blocking communication from 372 00:16:07,530 --> 00:16:05,140 the deceased during a psychic reading 373 00:16:10,440 --> 00:16:07,540 maybe a learned skill and this also may 374 00:16:14,880 --> 00:16:10,450 be why some people in this group are 375 00:16:16,020 --> 00:16:14,890 saying no and and I don't know that how 376 00:16:17,100 --> 00:16:16,030 to tell the difference between those 377 00:16:21,030 --> 00:16:17,110 maybe it's something that you learn 378 00:16:22,860 --> 00:16:21,040 along the way so this finding of 379 00:16:23,930 --> 00:16:22,870 discarnates as a source of psychic 380 00:16:26,010 --> 00:16:23,940 information calls into question 381 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:26,020 theoretical frameworks that posits 382 00:16:29,730 --> 00:16:28,090 separating mediums experiences into 383 00:16:33,330 --> 00:16:29,740 categories that do and do not involve 384 00:16:35,100 --> 00:16:33,340 communication with the deceased and the 385 00:16:40,170 --> 00:16:35,110 continued use of terminology reflecting 386 00:16:42,030 --> 00:16:40,180 such a separation so again we know the 387 00:16:44,010 --> 00:16:42,040 way that we've defined is that the 388 00:16:45,620 --> 00:16:44,020 deceased provide message is for sitters 389 00:16:47,880 --> 00:16:45,630 during mediumship readings and 390 00:16:50,070 --> 00:16:47,890 information about those sitters lives 391 00:16:52,590 --> 00:16:50,080 during mediumship readings and this new 392 00:16:54,870 --> 00:16:52,600 data demonstrates there that the 393 00:16:57,300 --> 00:16:54,880 deceased can provide information about 394 00:17:01,050 --> 00:16:57,310 psychic reading recipients during 395 00:17:03,690 --> 00:17:01,060 psychic readings but also the deceased 396 00:17:05,430 --> 00:17:03,700 during mediumship readings can provide 397 00:17:07,380 --> 00:17:05,440 information about other deceased people 398 00:17:09,920 --> 00:17:07,390 so someone might say like I'm with your 399 00:17:12,930 --> 00:17:09,930 grandmother I have the white dog with me 400 00:17:16,020 --> 00:17:12,940 so they provide information of other 401 00:17:18,180 --> 00:17:16,030 disease people and even about the future 402 00:17:18,730 --> 00:17:18,190 so one of the mediums on our team sent 403 00:17:21,669 --> 00:17:18,740 this 404 00:17:23,049 --> 00:17:21,679 to me not too long ago as you said I did 405 00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:23,059 a gallery reading meaning a group 406 00:17:28,990 --> 00:17:25,850 reading in a situation like this January 407 00:17:31,120 --> 00:17:29,000 27th and the sitter's mom so the medium 408 00:17:33,669 --> 00:17:31,130 was reading a female sitter and the sit 409 00:17:36,310 --> 00:17:33,679 and the sitters mom was talking her her 410 00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:36,320 deceased mom and the the sitters mom 411 00:17:40,540 --> 00:17:37,970 said that her grandson the sitter son 412 00:17:42,700 --> 00:17:40,550 was a football fan told me he liked the 413 00:17:45,400 --> 00:17:42,710 Eagles and said he'd be very happy very 414 00:17:46,870 --> 00:17:45,410 soon so basically announced all 600 415 00:17:51,850 --> 00:17:46,880 attendees that the Eagles were going to 416 00:17:54,700 --> 00:17:51,860 insuperable so don't box in what the 417 00:17:57,660 --> 00:17:54,710 deceased can do they're capable of a lot 418 00:18:01,240 --> 00:17:57,670 they lead rich lives their deaths or 419 00:18:03,690 --> 00:18:01,250 after lives I guess so 420 00:18:05,650 --> 00:18:03,700 we can't disprove that mediums are 421 00:18:07,390 --> 00:18:05,660 communicating with the deceased and we 422 00:18:08,980 --> 00:18:07,400 can't disprove that communication with 423 00:18:11,740 --> 00:18:08,990 the deceased is part of every type of 424 00:18:13,510 --> 00:18:11,750 sigh experience so it would be 425 00:18:15,669 --> 00:18:13,520 irresponsible to posit a general 426 00:18:18,040 --> 00:18:15,679 survival based theory for all sigh 427 00:18:20,200 --> 00:18:18,050 phenomena precognition dead people 428 00:18:21,520 --> 00:18:20,210 telepathy dead people clairvoyance did 429 00:18:24,130 --> 00:18:21,530 people but that would be irresponsible 430 00:18:26,500 --> 00:18:24,140 because that's not the reports from the 431 00:18:28,120 --> 00:18:26,510 people who have those experiences it 432 00:18:30,250 --> 00:18:28,130 would also be irresponsible to continue 433 00:18:31,870 --> 00:18:30,260 to use cymatics I like explanations for 434 00:18:34,870 --> 00:18:31,880 mediumistic experiences when we have 435 00:18:37,690 --> 00:18:34,880 this data from 122 people saying no 436 00:18:39,190 --> 00:18:37,700 they're different a clear line can't be 437 00:18:40,810 --> 00:18:39,200 drawn between purely psyche with the 438 00:18:43,600 --> 00:18:40,820 living and purely communication with the 439 00:18:44,980 --> 00:18:43,610 deceased experiences using terminology 440 00:18:47,340 --> 00:18:44,990 that implies we actually know what's 441 00:18:49,900 --> 00:18:47,350 going on or how it works is dangerous I 442 00:18:52,120 --> 00:18:49,910 was going to do a little survey here but 443 00:18:53,850 --> 00:18:52,130 move on language should be respectful 444 00:18:58,299 --> 00:18:53,860 and reflect the Preferences of the 445 00:19:00,460 --> 00:18:58,309 experiencers so all the people in this 446 00:19:02,620 --> 00:19:00,470 study a self-identified as mediums they 447 00:19:04,630 --> 00:19:02,630 identified with the term medium and they 448 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:04,640 may use trance medium and they may use 449 00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:08,330 clairvoyant medium but I can't use that 450 00:19:12,850 --> 00:19:10,610 as a researcher because it's not it's 451 00:19:15,430 --> 00:19:12,860 not broadly generalizable to all people 452 00:19:16,990 --> 00:19:15,440 so and as a society we're already used 453 00:19:19,330 --> 00:19:17,000 to doing this we already know how to do 454 00:19:23,200 --> 00:19:19,340 this how to how to respect people's 455 00:19:24,610 --> 00:19:23,210 preferences because of people's gender 456 00:19:25,659 --> 00:19:24,620 identity and sexual preference we 457 00:19:27,639 --> 00:19:25,669 already know how to do this 458 00:19:29,169 --> 00:19:27,649 so going forward will be necessary for 459 00:19:54,970 --> 00:19:29,179 language to reflected Pyrrhic all data 460 00:20:25,119 --> 00:20:22,469 [Music] 461 00:20:27,639 --> 00:20:25,129 and about what what would decade were 462 00:20:31,719 --> 00:20:27,649 these things happening at without what 463 00:20:34,239 --> 00:20:31,729 decade were these things happening yeah 464 00:20:36,489 --> 00:20:34,249 so that I'm saying about modern mental 465 00:20:37,959 --> 00:20:36,499 American mediums that's not their 466 00:20:39,459 --> 00:20:37,969 experience so there's no evidence that 467 00:20:47,529 --> 00:20:39,469 that's what's happening the way 468 00:20:49,880 --> 00:20:47,539 mediumship works now that is a wonderful 469 00:21:17,060 --> 00:20:49,890 argument 470 00:21:21,710 --> 00:21:19,100 the assumptions about the nature and 471 00:21:27,080 --> 00:21:21,720 character of the afterlife other people 472 00:21:30,320 --> 00:21:27,090 would want to communicate and compare 473 00:21:49,310 --> 00:21:30,330 that to Samara our offices equally 474 00:21:50,960 --> 00:21:49,320 involved of various options so that 475 00:21:57,700 --> 00:21:50,970 seems like the way that a philosopher 476 00:22:02,840 --> 00:22:00,770 as an empiricist I'm just going to ask a 477 00:22:04,730 --> 00:22:02,850 bunch of people what's happening and 478 00:22:05,690 --> 00:22:04,740 that our mission at the windward 479 00:22:08,780 --> 00:22:05,700 Research Center is to alleviate 480 00:22:11,950 --> 00:22:08,790 suffering so I'm currently doing 481 00:22:16,520 --> 00:22:11,960 apparently and these people I'm very 482 00:22:20,660 --> 00:22:16,530 very important these people are having 483 00:22:24,950 --> 00:22:20,670 these experiences and it's very clear 484 00:22:26,660 --> 00:22:24,960 that the somatic sight that reading for 485 00:22:28,940 --> 00:22:26,670 cycling getting psyche and Frazier feels 486 00:22:32,860 --> 00:22:28,950 different than communication from the 487 00:22:36,230 --> 00:22:32,870 deceased so in order to respect their 488 00:22:39,920 --> 00:22:36,240 experiences I have to follow what 489 00:22:42,710 --> 00:22:39,930 they're saying not what we can 490 00:22:48,750 --> 00:22:42,720 conjecture philosophically about 491 00:22:48,760 --> 00:22:57,080 yeah over dinner I gotcha 492 00:22:57,090 --> 00:23:06,060 [Music] 493 00:23:11,799 --> 00:23:10,150 about 75% succeeded and we're quick to 494 00:23:13,630 --> 00:23:11,809 point out that a mediumship reading 495 00:23:16,570 --> 00:23:13,640 involves at least three people and the 496 00:23:19,090 --> 00:23:16,580 medium is only one so the sitter may be 497 00:23:21,580 --> 00:23:19,100 a bad sitter the deceased person might 498 00:23:23,680 --> 00:23:21,590 not have learned how to do it yet so 499 00:23:26,140 --> 00:23:23,690 it's the reason we this was through a 500 00:23:28,390 --> 00:23:26,150 grant of our gathering of our team and 501 00:23:32,320 --> 00:23:28,400 we don't do it anymore because we don't 502 00:23:35,830 --> 00:23:32,330 find it ethically sound to test someone 503 00:23:39,580 --> 00:23:35,840 and then say you didn't pass when it 504 00:24:21,730 --> 00:23:39,590 might not be the heir responsibility it 505 00:24:23,799 --> 00:24:21,740 could be to see Sir well my the accuracy 506 00:24:26,140 --> 00:24:23,809 data that I present is from 20 mediums 507 00:24:27,669 --> 00:24:26,150 during fifty-eight readings under 508 00:24:30,070 --> 00:24:27,679 quintuple blind conditions their 509 00:24:32,080 --> 00:24:30,080 readings are over the phone if I'm 510 00:24:34,419 --> 00:24:32,090 maxing out as the proxy sitter I don't 511 00:24:36,040 --> 00:24:34,429 have any information all we have is the 512 00:24:37,510 --> 00:24:36,050 first name of the deceased person I have 513 00:24:39,010 --> 00:24:37,520 specific questions whether the person 514 00:24:40,450 --> 00:24:39,020 look like how did they die what were 515 00:24:43,690 --> 00:24:40,460 their hobbies what messages do they have 516 00:24:46,180 --> 00:24:43,700 for the sitter and I could say like I 517 00:24:49,140 --> 00:24:46,190 defy you to do it but if he did it and 518 00:24:52,780 --> 00:24:49,150 he got it that just means he's a medium 519 00:24:55,210 --> 00:24:52,790 so I the date we've collected the data 520 00:24:58,270 --> 00:24:55,220 it demonstrates they're not doing fraud 521 00:24:59,919 --> 00:24:58,280 we've done EEG data that demonstrates 522 00:25:04,180 --> 00:24:59,929 they're not it's not imagining 523 00:25:05,769 --> 00:25:04,190 or recollection so yeah I mean if he 524 00:25:08,830 --> 00:25:05,779 changes his mind he doesn't get a TV 525 00:25:09,669 --> 00:25:08,840 show I can report negative data I can